Lapho ikhalenda ekugcineni litholakala ngoJanuwari 1, 2017, ngaphansi kwe-1% yabantu beplanethi bebazi ukuthi i-ICO yayiyini, imele ini, noma ukuthi imeleni.Umuntu angaphikisa ngokuthi akukho muntu ngaphandle kwama-hodlers anamakhanda aqinile kanye nomphakathi we-crypto ohlanyayo uyazi ukuthi imele Isikhwama Sokuqala Sohlamvu Lokuqala (okusobala ukuthi i-IPOcurrencies izoqhubeka nokubona i-cryptocurrency emakethe) ibhaluni ku-$830 billion ekuphakameni kwebhamuza le-ICO.
Ngaphambi kokuthi singene ohlelweni lokulinganisa lwe-ICO olwaklanywa ngesibindi izintandokazi zethu zengcebo, sihlanganise uhlu lwekhalenda Lokunikezwa Kwemali Yokuqala ngezansi, ababelana ngama-ICO namaphrojekthi amasha, asebenzayo kuzo zonke ezinye izindlela ezinkulu nezifanelekayo kanye nokuthengiswa kwamathokheni okuzayo.
Manje, ubulungiswa obuncane budinga ukulethwa phambili ngokwethula umlando wakamuva ukubeka yonke into ngombono.Ngomhlaka-1 Januwari, ukuthengiswa ku-coinmarketcap.com bekungamaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-17.7 kuphela, futhi manje phakathi no-September 2017, sekukhule kwaba ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-127.7 zamaRandi.
Ezinyangeni eziyi-9 nje, ukukhula okungu-7x kuze kube manje (BTC @ $1,000 vs. $4,000+, ETH @ $8 vs. $300+, ngokusho kwe-coinbase.com), nokunye okuzayo Inqubekelaphambili eminingi ne-ajenda okufanele ifezeke.
Njengamanje, cishe ingelinye lamagama okusesha akhula ngokushesha onyakeni njengoba iminikelo yokuqala yemali (iphuma kuma-IPOs) amaphrojekthi we-cryptocurrency aqhumile, kodwa ukhiye wangempela uwukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola amehlo amakhulu Futhi inzuzo ekhohlisayo ifuna ukuma okunembile ngaphambili.
Kunemibuzo eyi-7 emikhulu evulekile engaphendulwa ukuze kuqalwe indlela yokutshala imali ekuqageleni kwe-ICO noma isithembiso sokwenza kahle.
Akunandaba ukuthi isiqubulo esidumile noma isiphakamiso esihehayo sisishiya kanjani isiqubulo, lezi yizimiso eziyisikhombisa zokutshala izimali kanye neziqalo zocwaningo ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi uyalandela:
Nakuba lokhu kungase kubonakale kuwumsebenzi onzima, kungagcizelela kakhulu izinqumo ezinolwazi nezifundisiwe mayelana nokutshala i-fiat emikhiqizweni esethiwe ngaphambili namasevisi abanye abangase bacabangele ukuthi sekuphelile kulokhu kuthengiswa kwamathokheni e-ICO.
I-Hype ingathengiswa, kodwa imikhiqizo eshintsha umdlalo, izinhlelo nezinkundla ezingeza inani ekugcineni zizovuna izinzuzo ezinkulu uma uphenyisisa lezi “zitoko ze-penny” ezilingana namathokheni e-cryptocurrency.
Ngenxa yalesi simo esisha esikhaleni semali ye-Bitcoin blockchain, amawebhusayithi amaningi amasha kanye nezinsizakalo ziye zavela ukuze uthole zonke izindaba zakho eziyintandokazi ze-crypto, izibuyekezo, nentuthuko.
Ngenhla sikunikeze izici eziphezulu ezingu-7 kanye nezici zocwaningo olufanele lokutshala izimali oludinga ukuhlolwa okujulile.Ngokuningi kokuningi mayelana nokunikezwa kohlamvu lwemali lokuqala kulezi zinsuku, kulula ukubanjwa "entweni elandelayo engcono kakhulu" kanye "nokuthuthukiswa kwakamuva okukhulu kakhulu", kodwa ukuba nalezi zimpawu zokuma kanye namaphuzu ezinhlamvu kuzosiza ukuqeda ukukhetha okubi nokukhathazeka mayelana nokutshala izimali ku-initials.
Lezi zehlakalo yilapho abaqalayo abasha bezama ukukhulisa imali eningi ngangokunokwenzeka (ngokusebenzisa i-cryptocurrencies njenge-Bitcoin ne-Ethereum) ukuze babone umqondo wenkampani yabo.Eziningi zalezi ziqalo ziyizinkampani zobuchwepheshe ezithuthukisa izinkundla ezintsha zokwenza imali ye-crypto yenze ukuthengiselana kube lula futhi kuvikeleke kakhudlwana ngaphandle kokugadwa okuwumthwalo okwenziwa ama-ejensi kahulumeni.
Noma kunjalo, kulula ukubona ukuthi le minikelo yokuqala yohlamvu lwemali ingahamba kahle kuphi.Kuthiwani uma othile enkampanini enegama elibi?Kuthiwani uma imodeli yakhe yebhizinisi ingasimeme?Kuthiwani uma konke kuwukuxokozela okungenayo into?Lezi izingozi zangempela okufanele abatshalizimali abangaba abatshalizimali bazikhumbule ngaphambi kokufaka umnikelo wohlamvu lwemali lokuqala lwenkampani entsha.
Ngenhlanhla kulabo abangaba abatshalizimali, ngilapha.Ngisebenzisa ukuhlaziya okuphelele kakhulu ukuze ngibheke yonke indawo kanye ne-cranny yenkampani kanye ne-ICO yayo ukuze ngibone ukuthi kufanelekile yini ukutshala imali.Ngenhlonipho efanele, uma kukhona noma iyiphi inkomba yokuthi inkampani ingase igcine ingaphumeleli, ungabheja ngizoyikhomba.
Manje, ngiyaqiniseka ukuthi uzoba nentshisekelo kokuqukethwe kweNdlela yami Yokuhlaziya Kabanzi.Ngilandele njengoba ngikunikeza inani eliphakeme enqubweni yami yokubuyekeza.
Ungacabanga ukuthi ukunquma ubungozi bokutshalwa kwezimali kungaba enye yezingxenye zokugcina zokuhlaziya kwami.cha!Lena eyokuqala.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kuyinkomba ebaluleke kakhulu futhi ngiyazi ukuthi abatshalizimali bamatasa kangakanani.
Bangase bangabi naso isikhathi sokumba kukho konke ukuhlaziya, ngakho ngiyaqinisekisa ukuthi ngibanikeza ulwazi abaludinga kakhulu ekuqaleni.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yikuphi, nginquma ubungozi bokutshalwa kwezimali ngokubheka izici ezihlukahlukene zenkampani kanye nomnikelo wayo wokuqala wohlamvu lwemali:
Uma kungekho lutho olungalungile kuzo zonke izici eziyisithupha zenkampani kanye ne-ICO yayo, ngingaphetha ngokuthi ukufaka isandla ku-ICO yaleyo nkampani akuyona ingozi kakhulu.
Yiqiniso, kunezingozi kunoma yikuphi ukutshalwa kwezimali, kodwa uma inkampani iphumelela ekuhlolweni kwami, khona-ke noma iyiphi ingozi ehilelekile iyoba ingozi yemakethe engenakugwenywa ngempela noma ibikezelwe.Uma ibhizinisi lingaphumeleli ekuhlolweni kwami, ibhizinisi cishe liwumgunyathi futhi akufanele utshale isenti kulo.
Ngemva kokuhlonza izingozi zokutshala izimali ezihilelekile ebhizinisini, ngibheka ukuthi i-ICO yabo ikhiqize i-buzz engakanani.Uma bedala i-buzz futhi abantu abaningi bakhuluma ngabo ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, lokho kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi umkhankaso wokumaketha uyasebenza.
Phakathi kokunye, kubonisa ukuthi banombono wokuthi abantu abaningi bazoba nesithakazelo.Yiqiniso, labo abanentshisekelo cishe bahlanganisa abatshalizimali abacebe kakhulu abafuna ucezu lukaphayi.
Uma unabatshalizimali abaningi abanentshisekelo embonweni webhizinisi, kwenza umbono ubukeke ungcono futhi unenzuzo enkulu, okushukumisela abatshalizimali abaningi ukuba batshale imali.
Umphumela ofisa kakhulu amabhizinisi uma bekwazi ukuhlola wonke amabhokisi amane kulawa angenhla.Kudingeka babe nenkundla yezokuxhumana enkulu elandelayo, bathole ukunakwa okuningi ezincwadini zemidiya ezifanele, babonakale kalula ezinjinini zokusesha ezifana ne-Google, futhi bathole izingoma eziningi ezishisayo zansuku zonke kuwebhusayithi yabo.
Yilapho enginquma khona ukuthi ibhizinisi nemibono yalo lizoqhubeka lilenze inzuzo yini isikhathi eside.Lokhu kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ngoba ababaningi abantu abafuna ukutshala imali entweni ezochuma ngokushesha bese ishabalale.
Ngokujabulisayo, ungazivikela ekuweleni ogibeni olunjalo ngokubheka ukuthi nginquma kanjani inzuzo yesikhathi eside yebhizinisi nemicabango yami.Lokhu kuzimisela kusekelwe kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:
Nazi izici ezine ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele zicatshangelwe yinoma yiliphi ibhizinisi ngaphambi kokuqala izilinganiso ze-ICO.ICO njengami nakanjani zizozihlolisisa ngaphambi kokusinika imvume.
Abatshalizimali nabo bakucubungule lokhu ngaphambi kokuthatha isinqumo sokuboleka imali kulo msebenzi, ikakhulukazi manje njengoba ngibatshela ukuthi kubalulekile ukwenza kanjalo.
Besifuna ukususa okunye ukuqagela kokusesha endleleni futhi sahlanganisa uhlu lwezindawo eziphezulu ze-ICO okufanele zilandelwe futhi sibheke ukuze kusetshenziswe ireferensi yesikhathi esizayo nokubekisa.
Kuze kube manje, lezi zingosi ze-ICO azikho ngokulandelana okuthile, kodwa zizophinde zihlolwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi zibekwe ngokufanele ngokusekelwe ekufikeni kwesikhathi, ukubukeka, kanye nemvamisa yezibuyekezo (njengoba sisendaweni ehamba ngokushesha).
Nali uhlu oluqinile ukuze ungaphuthelwa yi-ICO enkulu elandelayo noma uhlamvu lwemali lwakamuva nolukhulu kakhulu olunikeza ithuba lokutshala imali.
Siyiqembu nje elenzeke langena ngokujulile ebhizinisini elifuna ukwethula umnikelo wokuqala wohlamvu lwemali.Ngaphandle kokucwasa, sithanda ukucabanga ukuthi inqubo yethu icophelela kakhulu futhi ayishiyi indawo enkulu yenkulumo-mpikiswano noma ukukhononda ngokungabi nabulungisa ebhizinisini.
Sekushiwo lokho, uma ungavumelani nanoma yikuphi ukubuyekezwa okujwayelekile nokucwaninga (manje sine-1,000), zizwe ukhululekile ukuphawula ngezansi.Kubatshalizimali abanomuzwa wokuthi ukuhlaziya esikunikezile akuphelele ngokwanele, siyakwamukela njalo ukusikisela.Sifunda futhi siphendule kuwo wonke ama-imeyili abalulekile futhi siphawule ngemibono nezitatimende ezishiywe ngezansi.
Esikuthathayo lapha namuhla kuyisifundo sokwakha ukuzethemba kanye nohlu olusakhiwe kancane lwama-cryptocurrencies kanye nezingxenye ezidingekayo nezici/izici okufanele utshalomali oluqinile futhi oluzwakalayo lube nazo.Konke esikutholile kuhlanganiswe ukusiza ukusheshisa inqubo yokusesha, futhi izeluleko zabatshalizimali abangaba abatshalizimali kufanele zibhekwe njengesitebhisi, hhayi isinqumo sokugcina, lapho uzama noma ukhetha ukuthenga into entsha noma ethokozisayo ku-ICO.
Naphezu kwemithetho ezayo, iziqondiso kanye nokwengamela okucishe kugwemeke kwenkampani yangaphandle ngokumelene nesizinda sokungaqiniseki, kunento eyodwa esele, ama-ICO aphikisana nezindlela zendabuko zokuqoqa imali kanye namasu okuthola imali futhi awanciphisi izimpawu, ikakhulukazi lapho kufanele amukele noma yimiphi imithetho emisha kanye nezithiyo ezingokomthetho ezigcina sezisunguliwe.
Lo mhlahlandlela usekude ukuqedela njengoba siqhubeka nokuphothula ukuthi singatshala kanjani imali engcono kakhulu kumathuba e-ICO nokuthi yimaphi amathokheni e-ICO aphumelela ngempela ekuhlolweni ukuze aphumelele kwabanye.
Abathengi nabatshalizimali bajabulele ukunqoba okuningi ngo-2017 ngenxa yenani elikhulu le-cryptocurrencies.Nokho, njengoba i-2018 iqala, kubalulekile ukuba nokuqonda okucacile kwesimo somnotho ukubasiza banqume izinyathelo zabo ezilandelayo.
Ezinye izinto azishintshi nhlobo, njengamaphepha amhlophe, ama-prototypes, ngisho nezinkomfa.Nokho, i-CoinDesk yanquma ukukhipha ulwazi oluthile ukuze lusize abathengi baqonde ukuthi umhlaba we-crypto uzoshintsha kanjani.
Nakuba kunezingxoxo eziningi emhlabeni wonke mayelana nendlela engcono kakhulu yokwenza imali ye-crypto yenze ifinyeleleke, kubonakala sengathi ohulumeni bomhlaba ngeke bathole lutho olucacile.Kunezinkinga eziningi zomthetho okufanele zixazululwe, futhi izithakazelo zomphakathi we-crypto zizoncika kule miphumela.Ama-ICO amasha adinga ukuqonda izinqumo zenkantolo, esebenzisa lolu lwazi ukuze enze inkundla yokubumbana kakhudlwana.
I-CoinDesk ilindele ukuthi ukuthengiswa kwangempela kwethokheni kwehle.Ngenhlanhla, inani lethokheni ngalinye kulindeleke ukuthi likhuphuke njengoba ukutshalwa kwezimali okuhlukene kanye nokuthengiselana kwenzeka.Ukuthengisa kuzoba yimfihlo kakhulu, futhi inani lamathokheni abekelwe umphakathi lizokwehla kancane kancane.
Uma i-Ethereum izoqhubeka ibe insiza ehlaba umxhwele yomphakathi womhlaba wonke, bazodinga ukwandisa isivinini sayo.Kunezinkampani ezithile ezizama ukuqalisa kwamanye amapulatifomu, kodwa kusekhona abatshalizimali abaningi abakholelwa ukuthi u-Ethereum uzoqhubeka nokuba yinsiza eyinhloko.Ngenhlanhla, abasunguli abafanayo baye bakwazi ukuza nohlelo lokulondoloza oluqinisekisa ukuthi bavikela ama-ICO abo kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali.
Isikhalo esikhulu kunazo zonke se-cryptocurrency yimvelo yayo yokwehlukaniswa.Boost VC kaBrayton Williams igxile “ethalenteni nasekuhambeni.”Kanjalo, abezimali namabhizinisi azimele bangase baqale ukuzwa isifiso sabatshalizimali sokusebenzisa ithokheni ngenjongo yalo ehlosiwe.Nokho, ngokombono, amathokheni akhululwa ngokushesha kangangokuthi angase angazifezi zonke izithembiso zawo.
Ezomnotho zamathokheni zisezintsha kahle futhi amandla okuwasebenzisa kunoma yisiphi isimo akukakafinyelelwa.Abanikazi bala mathokheni bazoqaphela ukuthi ikhono lokuwasebenzisa lizonquma kakhulu inani le-investimenti.Ikhono lokusebenzisa amathokheni okwamanje aphethwe abatshalizimali kuzosiza umphakathi womhlaba wonke ukuba wahlulele ukubaluleka kwezimali ze-crypto kwasekuqaleni.
Abathengi ngokuvamile baba nokuqonda okwengeziwe mayelana ne-cryptocurrencies njengoba amathokheni ekhula, okubenza babe nolwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana nokutshala imali.Ngabathengi nabatshalizimali abayinkimbinkimbi, abasebenzisi bazothuthukisa umbono ocacile wokuthi bangazisebenzisa kanjani.Amathokheni ahlukaniswe abe usizo nokuvikeleka.Njengoba ekhula ngokuthandwa, abathengi bazoqonda izimali ezibonakalayo ngezindlela ezazingadingeki ngokuphelele eminyakeni eyishumi edlule.
Umbono wokugcina ozolethwa yi-ICO yalo nyaka ukuthi izinkampani ze-tech kulindeleke ukuthi zihlukanise amathokheni abo, okubasiza ukuba baqoqe imali.Lesi sinyathelo sibalulekile ekwenzeni inzuzo eyengeziwe, nakuba i-CoinBank ithi lezi zinkampani azidingi ukusabalalisa nhlobo.
Ngaphambi kokwethulwa kwezinkontileka ezihlakaniphile kumanethiwekhi we-blockchain kanye nokufika kweminikelo yokuqala yezinhlamvu zemali (ama-ICO), abaqalayo abafuna ukukhulisa imali yamaphrojekthi abo kwakudingeka bathembele kubatshalizimali, ama-IPO, futhi-ke, amaphakethe abo.
Kulabo abangaqapheli, i-ICO iwuhlobo lwe-crowdfunding lapho izinkampani zenza khona amathokheni ukuze abanye bathenge ukuze bathole izimali zamaphrojekthi abo.Abantu abaningi babhekisela ku-ICO njengenhlanganisela yephrojekthi ye-Kickstarter kanye nomnikelo wokuqala womphakathi, ngoba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abatshalizimali bathola kokubili inzuzo kanye nokubuyisela imali.Nokho, ama-ICO abhekwa njengengozi enkulu futhi enenzuzo ephezulu kakhulu lapho ubeka khona izimali zakho zokutshala izimali ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi kukhona imali oyitshalile ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi kukhona imali oyitshalile ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi uthola imali encane ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi uthola imali encane. ukumosha.
Iphepha elimhlophe ngokuyisisekelo liyi-pitch yenkampani kulabo abangaba abatshalizimali.Ngenxa yalokhu, kumele babhalwe kahle futhi baqukethe lonke ulwazi olufanele mayelana nombono wenkampani, ukuthi isevisi isebenza kanjani, izici, abathuthukisi, njll.Isikhathi esiningi, ikhwalithi yephepha elimhlophe lingenza noma liphule inkampani, libonisa ngokucacile ukuthi ithimba lizimisele ngokwanele mayelana nephrojekthi yabo.
Unalokhu engqondweni, njengomuntu ongase abe umtshali-zimali, kufanele ufunde iphepha elimhlophe ngokucophelela futhi ucabange ukutshala izimali kuphela uma uqonda konke iphepha elimhlophe elizama ukuveza.Futhi, qiniseka ukuthi unake imininingwane, njengoba ezinye izinkampani zaziwa ngokufaka izibalo mayelana nezimo zemakethe zamanje.Ngakho-ke, ukuhlola iqiniso kuyikhono elibalulekile kubatshalizimali be-ICO.
Lapho uhlola i-ICO, kubalulekile ukwenza ucwaningo oluningi ngangokunokwenzeka.Umzamo wokucwaninga wawuhlanganisa nokufunda ngeqembu eliqhuba iphrojekthi.Nakuba izinkampani eziningi ezethula ama-ICO zintsha emakethe, kunethuba elihle lokuthi amalungu eqembu asebenze kumaphrojekthi afanayo esikhathini esidlule.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-11-2022