Cishe izinkampani ze-9W zavalwa, futhi inqwaba yezimboni yavalwa ngenkani…
Ngenxa yezindleko eziphansi zabasebenzi, izinto zokukhiqiza eziphansi, nokusekelwa kwenqubomgomo, iVietnam ihehe izinkampani eziningi zaphesheya ukuthi zakhe izimboni eVietnam eminyakeni yamuva nje.Izwe seliphenduke isikhungo esikhulu sokukhiqiza emhlabeni, futhi linesifiso sokuba “imboni yomhlaba elandelayo”..Ngokuthembela ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yezokukhiqiza, umnotho waseVietnam usunyukile, waba umnotho wesine ngobukhulu eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
Kodwa-ke, lolu bhubhane olushubile selubangele ukuthi intuthuko yezomnotho yaseVietnam ibhekane nezinselelo ezinkulu.Nakuba bekuyivelakancane“izwe eliyisibonelo lokuvikela ubhubhane”ngaphambili, Vietnam bekulokhu“akuphumelelanga”kulo nyaka ngaphansi komthelela wegciwane leDelta.
Cishe izinkampani ezingu-90,000 zavalwa, futhi izinkampani zase-US ezingaphezu kuka-80 “zahlupheka”!Umnotho waseVietnam ubhekene nezinselelo ezinkulu
Ngomhla ziyisi-8 kuMfumfu, abantu ababalulekile eVietnam bathi ngenxa yomthelela walolu bhubhane, izinga lokukhula komnotho kuzwelonke kulo nyaka lingase libe cishe ngo-3% kuphela, eliphansi kakhulu kunomgomo owawubekiwe ka-6%.
Lokhu kukhathazeka akunasisekelo.Ngokwezibalo ze-Vietnam Statistics Bureau, ezingxenyeni ezintathu zokuqala zalo nyaka, cishe izinkampani ezingu-90,000 ziye zamisa ukusebenza noma zaqothuka, kanti ezingu-32,000 zazo sezivele zimemezele ukuhlakazwa kwazo, ukwanda kwe-17.4% uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo sokugcina. unyaka..Ukuthi amafekthri aseVietnam angayivuli iminyango ngeke nje kuphazamise umnotho wezwe, kodwa “kuzothinta” nezinkampani zaphesheya kwezilwandle ezafaka ama-oda.
Ukuhlaziywa kuveze ukuthi imininingwane yezomnotho yaseVietnam kwikota yesithathu ibiyimbi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi lolu bhubhane luqubuke kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi, izimboni zaphoqeleka ukuthi zivalwe, amadolobha aphoqeleka ukuthi avinjwe, futhi ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kushaywe kanzima…
UZhou Ming, umkhiqizi womakhalekhukhwini kanye nezinsiza zomakhalekhukhwini eHanoi, eVietnam, uthe ibhizinisi lakhe ngeke lidayiswe ekhaya, ngakho manje selibhekwa njengendawo yokuphila eyisisekelo.
“Ngemuva kokuqubuka kwalolu bhubhane ibhizinisi lami kungathiwa lifiphele kakhulu.Nakuba umsebenzi ungaqalwa ezindaweni lapho ubhubhane lungenamandla kakhulu, ukungena nokuphuma kwezimpahla kuvinjelwe.Izimpahla ezingase ziphume emasikweni phakathi nezinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu manje sezihlehliselwe ingxenye yenyanga ibe yinyanga eyodwa.NgoDisemba, ukuhleleka kwehle ngokwemvelo.”
Kubikwa ukuthi kusukela maphakathi noJulayi kuya ekupheleni kukaSepthemba, u-80% wezimboni zezicathulo zakwaNike kanye nengxenye yezimboni zayo zezingubo eningizimu yeVietnam zivaliwe.Yize kubikezelwa ukuthi imboni izophinde iqale ukusebenza ngokwezigaba ngo-Okthoba, kusazothatha izinyanga ezimbalwa ukuthi ifemu iqale ukukhiqiza ngokugcwele.Ithintwa ukunikezwa okunganele, imali engenayo yenkampani engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka wezimali ka-2022 isephansi kunalokho obekulindelwe.
U-CFO Matt Friede uthe, "I-Nike ilahlekelwe okungenani amasonto angu-10 yokukhiqiza eVietnam, okudale igebe lokusungula."
Ngaphezu kwe-Nike, Adidas, Coach, UGG nezinye izinkampani zase-US ezinemisebenzi yokukhiqiza ngobuningi eVietnam zonke ziye zaba nomthelela.
Lapho iVietnam ibambeke kakhulu kulolu bhubhane futhi kuphazamiseka ukuthengwa kwayo, izinkampani eziningi zaqala “ukucabanga kabusha”: Ingabe kwakulungile ukuhambisa umthamo wokukhiqiza uye eVietnam?Isikhulu senkampani yamazwe ngamazwe sathi, "Kuthathe iminyaka engu-6 ukwakha i-supply chain eVietnam, futhi kwathatha izinsuku ezingu-6 kuphela ukuyeka."
Ezinye izinkampani sezivele zihlela ukubuyisela amandla azo okukhiqiza eChina.Ngokwesibonelo, i-CEO yohlobo lwezicathulo zaseMelika yathi, “Okwamanje iChina ingenye yezindawo ezimbalwa emhlabeni lapho kungatholakala khona izimpahla.”
Njengoba kokubili ubhubhane nomnotho kuzwakala njenge-alamu, iVietnam ikhathazekile.
Ngomhla zi-1 kuMfumfu, ngokusho kwe-TVBS, iHo Chi Minh City, eVietnam, yakuyeka ukusetha kabusha i-zero futhi yamemezela ukususwa kwesivimbelo sokulwa nobhubhane ezinyangeni ezintathu ezedlule, kwavumela amapaki ezimboni, amaphrojekthi wokwakha, izitolo ezinkulu kanye nezindawo zokudlela ukuthi ziqale kabusha ukusebenza. .Ngo-October 6, umuntu ojwayelene nale ndaba wathi: “Manje siyawuqala umsebenzi kancane kancane.”Ezinye izilinganiso zithi lokhu kungase kuxazulule inkinga yokufuduka kwemboni yaseVietnam.
Izindaba zakamuva zangomhla ziyisi-8 kuMfumfu zikhombisa ukuthi uhulumeni waseVietnam uzoqhubeka nokuphoqa imboni eseNen Tak Second Industrial Zone esifundazweni saseDong Nai ukuthi imise umsebenzi izinsuku eziyi-7, kanti isikhathi sokumiswa sizonwetshwa kuze kube ngu-Okthoba 15. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukumiswa kwezinkampani zaseJapan ezimbonini kule ndawo kuzonwetshwa kube yizinsuku ezingama-86.
Okwenza izinto zibe zimbi kakhulu, phakathi nesikhathi sokuvalwa kwenkampani izinyanga ezimbili, iningi lezisebenzi zaseVietnam ezisuka kwamanye amazwe sezibuyele emadolobheni azo, futhi kunzima ezinkampanini zakwamanye amazwe ukuthola umsebenzi owanele uma zifuna ukuqala kabusha ukukhiqiza ngalesi sikhathi.Ngokusho kwe-Baocheng Group, inkampani ekhiqiza izicathulo edume umhlaba wonke, bangama-20-30% kuphela abasebenzi bayo ababuyele emsebenzini ngemuva kokuthi inkampani ikhiphe isaziso sokuqalisa kabusha.
Futhi lokhu kuyi-microcosm yamafektri amaningi eVietnam.
Ukushoda kabili kwabasebenzi be-oda kwenza kube nzima ukuthi izinkampani ziqale kabusha umsebenzi
Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule, uhulumeni waseVietnam ulungiselela ukuqala kabusha kancane kancane ukukhiqiza umnotho.Ezimbonini zendwangu, izingubo nezicathulo zaseVietnam, ibhekene nezinkinga ezimbili ezinkulu.Enye eyokushoda kwama-oda asefemini kanti enye eyokushoda kwabasebenzi.Kubikwa ukuthi isicelo sikahulumeni waseVietnam sokuthi kuqalwe kabusha umsebenzi nokukhiqizwa kwamabhizinisi siwukuthi abasebenzi emabhizinisini aqala kabusha umsebenzi futhi aqala kabusha ukukhiqiza kufanele babe ezindaweni ezingenazo ubhubhane, kodwa lezi zimboni zisezindaweni eziwumqedazwe, futhi abasebenzi abakwazi ukubuya ngokwemvelo. ukusebenza.
Ikakhulukazi eningizimu yeVietnam, lapho ubhubhane lunzima kakhulu, noma ngabe lolu bhubhane luqukethwe ngo-Okthoba, kunzima ukubuyisela abasebenzi bokuqala emsebenzini.Iningi labo labuyela ezindaweni zakubo ukuze ligweme lolu bhubhane;kubasebenzi abasha, ngenxa yokuqaliswa kokuhlukaniswa kwezenhlalakahle kulo lonke elaseVietnam, Ukugeleza kwabasebenzi kuvinjelwe kakhulu, futhi ngokwemvelo kunzima ukuthola abasebenzi.Ngaphambi kokuphela konyaka, ukushoda kwabasebenzi ezimbonini zaseVietnam bekuphezulu njengoba kungama-35% -37%.
Selokhu kwaqubuka lolu bhubhane kuze kube manje, ama-oda okuthunyelwa kwezicathulo zaseVietnam alahlekelwe kakhulu.Kubikwa ukuthi ngo-Agasti, cishe u-20% wama-oda wokuthekelisa wezicathulo alahlekile.NgoSepthemba, kube nokulahlekelwa okungama-40% -50%.Ngokuyisisekelo, kuthatha isigamu sonyaka kusukela ekuxoxisaneni kuya ekusayineni.Ngale ndlela, uma ufuna ukwenza i-oda, kuzoba unyaka olandelayo.
Njengamanje, noma ngabe imboni yezicathulo zaseVietnam ifuna ukuqala kancane kancane umsebenzi nokukhiqiza, ngaphansi kwesimo sokushoda kwama-oda nomsebenzi, kunzima ukuthi izinkampani ziphinde ziqale umsebenzi nokukhiqiza, ingasaphathwa eyokuqala kabusha ukukhiqiza ngaphambi kwalolu bhubhane.
Ngakho-ke, ingabe i-oda lizogeleza libuyele eChina?
Ukuphendula le nkinga, izinkampani eziningi zaphesheya zisebenzise iChina njengendawo ephephile yokuthumela ngaphandle
Imboni yaseVietnam ye-Hook Furnishings, inkampani yefenisha esungulwe yaseMelika esohlwini, imisiwe kusukela ngo-August 1. UPaul Hackfield, iphini likamongameli wezezimali, uthe, “Ukugonywa kweVietnam akukuhle neze, futhi uhulumeni umatasatasa mayelana nokuvalwa okuyimpoqo kwamafekthri. .”Ngasohlangothini lwesidingo sabathengi, ama-oda amasha kanye nokusalela emuva kunamandla, futhi ukuthunyelwa okubangelwa ukuvalwa kwamafekthri eVietnam kuzovinjwa.Ivela ezinyangeni ezizayo.
UPawulu wathi:
“Sabuyela eChina uma kunesidingo.Uma sibona sengathi izwe lizinzile manje, yilokhu esizokwenza.”
U-CFO kaNike uMat Fried uthe:
"Ithimba lethu lenyusa izinga lokukhiqiza izicathulo kwamanye amazwe futhi lidlulisa ukukhiqizwa kwezingubo kusuka eVietnam kuya kwamanye amazwe, njenge-Indonesia neChina ... ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo esinamandla ngendlela emangalisayo."
U-Roger Rollins, oyi-CEO ye-Designer Brands, idizayini yezicathulo ezinkulu nezesekeli, ukukhiqizwa nomthengisi eNyakatho Melika, wabelane ngolwazi ontanga abathumela amaketanga futhi babuyela e-China:
“Isikhulu esiphezulu singitshele ukuthi kumthathe izinsuku eziyisi-6 ukuqeda umsebenzi we-supply chain (transfer) owathatha iminyaka eyisi-6 ngaphambili.Cabanga ukuthi angakanani amandla asetshenziswe wonke umuntu ngaphambi kokusuka eShayina, kodwa manje lapho ongathenga khona izimpahla I-China kuphela—kuyahlanya ngempela, njenge-roller coaster.”
I-LoveSac, umthengisi wefenisha okhula ngokushesha kakhulu e-United States, uphinde wadlulisela ama-oda okuthenga kubahlinzeki base-China.
U-CFO Donna Delomo uthe:
“Siyazi ukuthi i-inventory evela e-China ithintwa amanani entengo, okuzosibiza imali encane, kodwa kusivumela ukuthi sigcine i-inventory, okusinikeza inzuzo yokuncintisana futhi kubaluleke kakhulu kithi nakumakhasimende ethu.”
Kungabonakala ukuthi phakathi nezinyanga ezintathu zokuvinjelwa okuqinile kweVietnam, abahlinzeki baseShayina sebeyizinqumo eziphuthumayo ezinkampanini ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe, kodwa iVietnam, eqale kabusha umsebenzi nokukhiqiza kusukela ngo-Okthoba 1, izophinde yengeze ekukhethweni kokukhiqiza kwezinkampani ezikhiqizayo.Izinhlobonhlobo.
Umphathi jikelele wenkampani enkulu yezicathulo e-Guangdong uhlaziye, “(Ama-oda adluliselwa e-China) Lona umsebenzi wesikhashana.Ngiyazi ukuthi zimbalwa kakhulu izimboni ezibuyiselwa emuva.(I-Nike, njll.) Izinkampani ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe ngokuvamile zikhokha emhlabeni wonke.Kukhona nezinye izimboni.(Izimboni zaseVietnam zivaliwe).Uma kukhona ama-oda, sizowenza kwenye indawo.Eziphambili ezidluliswayo zisemazweni aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, kulandele iChina.”
Wachaza ukuthi ezinye izinkampani ziye zadlulisela amandla amaningi omugqa wokukhiqiza, futhi kuncane kakhulu okusele eChina.Kunzima ukuvala isikhala somthamo.Umkhuba ovame kakhulu wezinkampani ukudlulisa ama-oda kwezinye izimboni zezicathulo e-China futhi zisebenzise imigqa yazo yokukhiqiza ukuze ziqedele imisebenzi.Esikhundleni sokubuyela eChina ukuyosungula izimboni nokwakha imigqa yokukhiqiza.
Ukudluliswa kwe-oda nokudluliselwa kwefekthri imiqondo emibili, enemijikelezo ehlukene, ubunzima, nezinzuzo zezomnotho.
“Uma ukukhethwa kwesiza, ukwakhiwa kwemishini, ukunikezwa kwezitifiketi zomphakeli, nokukhiqizwa kuqala kusukela ekuqaleni, umjikelezo wokudlulisa izicathulo cishe uzoba unyaka owodwa nengxenye kuya kwemibili.Ukumiswa kweVietnam kokukhiqiza nokukhiqiza kuthathe isikhathi esingaphansi kwezinyanga ezi-3.Ngokuphambene, ukudluliswa kwama-oda Kwanele ukuxazulula inkinga yesikhathi esifushane yokusungula izinto.”
Uma ungathekelisi usuka eVietnam, khansela i-oda bese uthola enye indawo?Sikuphi igebe?
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi "amaphigogo andizela eningizimu-mpumalanga" noma ukubuyiselwa kwama-oda e-China, ukutshalwa kwezimali nokudluliswa kokukhiqiza kuyizinketho ezizimele zamabhizinisi ukuze zifune izinzuzo futhi zigweme ukubi.Amanani entengo, izindleko zabasebenzi, kanye nokuqashwa kwabantu yizona zinto ezihamba phambili ekudluliseleni izimboni kwamanye amazwe.
UGuo Junhong, umqondisi omkhulu weDongguan Qiaohong Shoes Industry, uthe ngonyaka odlule abanye abathengi bacela ngokucacile ukuthi iphesenti elithile lempahla kufanele liphume emazweni aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia njengeVietnam, futhi amanye amakhasimende ayenombono oqinile: “Uma ungathumeli kwamanye amazwe. waseVietnam, uzokhansela i-oda lakho bese ubheka omunye umuntu."
UGuo Junhong wachaza ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kusuka eVietnam nakwamanye amazwe angajabulela ukuncishiswa kwentela nokukhululwa kunezindleko eziphansi kanye nemingcele yenzuzo enkulu, amanye ama-OEM ohwebo lwangaphandle adlulisele imigqa yokukhiqiza eVietnam nakwezinye izindawo.
Kwezinye izindawo, ilebula ethi “Made in Vietnam” ingagcina inzuzo eyengeziwe kunelebula ethi “Made in China”.
NgoMeyi 5, 2019, uTrump umemezele intela engama-25% ku-US $ 250 wezigidigidi zokuthunyelwa kweChina e-United States.Imikhiqizo, imishini yezimboni, izinto zasendlini, imithwalo, izicathulo, nezingubo kuyigalelo elinzima ezinkampanini zohwebo lwangaphandle ezithatha umzila wenzuzo encane kodwa inzuzo esheshayo.Ngokuphambene, i-Vietnam, ne-United States njengomthumeli ngaphandle kwesibili ngobukhulu, inikeza ukwelashwa okukhethekile njengokukhululwa ezindlekweni zokungenisa ezindaweni zokucubungula ukuthekelisa.
Kodwa-ke, umehluko emigomeni yentela usheshisa kuphela isivinini sokudluliswa kwezimboni.Amandla okushayela "ipigogo elindiza eningizimu-mpumalanga" kwenzeka kudala ngaphambi kwalolu bhubhane kanye nokungezwani kwezohwebo kwe-Sino-US.
Ngo-2019, ukuhlaziya okwenziwa yiRabo Research, ithangi lokucabanga laseRabobank, kwaveza ukuthi umfutho wangaphambili wawuyingcindezi yokwenyuka kwamaholo.Ngokocwaningo olwenziwe yiJapan External Trade Organisation ngo-2018, u-66% wezinkampani zaseJapan ezahlolwa zathi lena yinselelo yazo enkulu yokwenza ibhizinisi eChina.
Ucwaningo lwezomnotho nohwebo olwenziwe yiHong Kong Trade Development Council ngoNovemba 2020 lwaveza ukuthi amazwe ayi-7 aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia anezinzuzo zezindleko zabasebenzi, kanti umholo omncane wanyanga zonke ungaphansi kuka-RMB 2,000, othandwa izinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe.
IVietnam inesakhiwo esivelele sabasebenzi
Nokho, nakuba amazwe aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia anezinzuzo kubasebenzi kanye nezindleko zentela, igebe langempela likhona futhi ngokusobala.
Umphathi wenkampani yamazwe ngamazwe wabhala isihloko ngoMeyi ukuze abelane ngolwazi lwakhe lokuphatha ifektri eVietnam:
“Angilisabi ihlaya.Ekuqaleni, amabhokisi amalebula namabhokisi okupakisha angeniswa evela eShayina, futhi ngezinye izikhathi impahla ibiza kakhulu kunenani lempahla.Izindleko zokuqala zokwakha i-supply chain kusukela ekuqaleni aziphansi, futhi ukwenziwa kwasendaweni kwezinto kuthatha isikhathi. ”
Igebe libonakala nasemathalenteni.Isibonelo, onjiniyela basezweni laseChina banokuhlangenwe nakho okuningi komsebenzi weminyaka eyi-10-20.Emafektri aseVietnam, onjiniyela basanda kuthweswa iziqu enyuvesi iminyaka embalwa, futhi abasebenzi kufanele baqale ukuqeqeshwa ngamakhono ayisisekelo kakhulu..
Inkinga egqame kakhulu ukuthi izindleko zokuphatha ikhasimende ziphezulu.
“Ifemu esebenza kahle kakhulu ayidingi kungenelela amakhasimende, ingakwazi ukuzixazululela ngokwazo u-99% wezinkinga;kuyilapho imboni engemuva inezinkinga nsuku zonke futhi idinga usizo lwamakhasimende, futhi izokwenza amaphutha aphindaphindiwe futhi yenze amaphutha ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene.”
Ukusebenza neqembu laseVietnam, angakwazi ukuxhumana kuphela.
Ukwenyuka kwezindleko zesikhathi nakho kukhulisa ubunzima bokuphatha.Ngokusho kwabangaphakathi embonini, ePearl River Delta, ukulethwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe ngosuku olufanayo ngemuva kokufakwa kwe-oda kuvamile.E-Philippines, kuzothatha amasonto amabili ukupakisha nokuthekelisa izimpahla, futhi abaphathi badinga ukuhlelwa okwengeziwe.
Nokho, lezi zikhala zifihliwe.Kubathengi abakhulu, izingcaphuno zibonakala ngeso lenyama.
Ngokusho komphathi wenkampani yamazwe ngamazwe, kumishini efanayo yebhodi lesifunda kanye nezindleko zabasebenzi, ikhotheshini yaseVietnam emzuliswaneni wokuqala yayishibhe ngo-60% kunezimboni ezifanayo ezweni laseChina.
Ukuze uthole imakethe ngenzuzo yenani eliphansi, ukucabanga kokumaketha kweVietnam kunethunzi lesikhathi esedlule saseShayina.
Kodwa-ke, abaningi abangaphakathi embonini bathi, “Nginethemba elikhulu mayelana namathemba embonini yokukhiqiza yaseShayina ngokusekelwe emandleni ezobuchwepheshe kanye nokwenza ngcono izinga lokukhiqiza.Akunakwenzeka ukuthi ikamu lesisekelo sokukhiqiza lihambe eChina! ”
SHINA WOZA.UJINANUBO CNCMACHINERY CO.LTD WOZA….
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-19-2021